Multiplication Facts

Multiplying is adding the same number several times. 3 × 4 means 3+3+3+3 = 12.

Multiplication is repeated addition or grouping. 3 × 4 is 3 groups of 4 (or 4 groups of 3), which equals 12.

Multiplication scales a quantity. a × b is the product; it is commutative (a×b = b×a) and distributes over addition. Fluency with facts up to 12×12 underpins all later arithmetic.